Typically you're feeding aluminum into the table saw blade slowly enough that every tooth only has scrape off a fraction of a millimeter of material. If you shove it in 100x faster, the forces involved are ~100x larger. This will probably shatter the blade.

Also, the chip produced may be large enough to fill the air gap between teeth and have nowhere to go, resulting in the blade either instantly stopping, or plastically deforming/dragging the surrounding material.

EDIT: Seeing is believing: https://youtube.com/watch?v=Ibp2Gy2CFrY

EDIT 2: Apparently the stresses involved when stopping can make teeth that aren't even touching the material fly off the blade: https://youtube.com/watch?v=SYLAi4jwXcs&t=5m50s